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Crust: the outer layer of the Earth made of solid rocks where people, animals and plants live.
Mantle: the thick middle layer of the Earth located between the crust and the core, formed by very hot materials.
Core: the central and deepest part of the Earth, made of very hot metals, partly solid and partly liquid.
Lithosphere: the solid outer part of the Earth formed by the crust and the upper mantle.
Earthquake: a sudden movement of the Earth’s surface caused by movements inside the planet.
Volcano: an opening in the Earth where hot material, gas and lava come out from inside the planet.
Erosion: the process in which water, wind or ice wear away rocks and soil over time.
Tectonic plate: a large piece of the Earth’s lithosphere that slowly moves over the mantle
The Structure and Relief of the Earth
The Earth is formed by different layers. The outer layer is called the crust, where people and animals live. Under the crust there is the mantle, a very hot layer made of rocks and melted materials. In the center of the planet we find the core, which is extremely hot. The crust and the upper part of the mantle form the lithosphere.
The lithosphere is divided into large tectonic plates that move very slowly. When these plates move, they can create earthquakes and volcanoes. These movements also help form mountains and large mountain ranges.
The surface of the Earth is always changing. Natural processes like erosion shape the land over time. We can find different landforms such as valleys, which are low areas between mountains, and a peninsula, which is land surrounded by water on almost all sides.
The Earth has several continents, and each one has different landscapes and relief forms created by nature over millions of years.
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